戶外高壓線

Ⅰ 戶外的高壓線對身體有害么

買了高壓線旁邊的房子, 也聽說很多關於高壓線導致白血病/癌症的說法. 心裡惴惴然. 在美國物理協會上找到相關說明, 心理安定了好多. 貼出來, 與有類似經歷的人參考. 同時見
http://hfzhang.cn.googlepages.com/



高壓線的電磁輻射會否影響人類身體健康問題，1995年來自APS（美國物理協會）的聲明:



95.2 STATEMENT ON POWER LINE FIELDS AND PUBLIC HEALTH

題目: 關於高壓線問題與公眾健康的說明

(Adopted by Council 23 April 1995)
(Reaffirmed by Council 15 April 2005)

Physicists are frequently asked to comment on the potential dangers of cancer from electromagnetic fields that emanate from common power lines and electrical appliances. While recognizing that the connection between power line fields and cancer is an area of continuing study by research workers in many disciplines in the United States and abroad, we believe that it is possible to make several observations based on the scientific evidence at this time. We also believe that, in the interest of making the best use of the finite resources available for environmental research and mitigation, it is important for professional organizations to comment on this issue.


大意: APS意識到高壓線是否導致疾病這個問題已經是國內外一直在研究的問題. 基於現有的研究成果,APS認為可以得出一些結論. 並且,為了把有限的資源應用於環境的保護和研究, 由專業的機構對此做出評論是非常必要的.



The scientific literature and the reports of reviews by other panels show no consistent, significant link between cancer and power line fields. This literature includes epidemiological studies, research on biological systems, and analyses of theoretical interaction mechanisms. No plausible biophysical mechanisms for the systematic initiation or promotion of cancer by these power line fields have been identified. Furthermore, the preponderance of the epidemiological and biophysical/biological research findings have failed to substantiate those studies which have reported specific adverse health effects from exposure to such fields. While it is impossible to prove that no deleterious health effects occur from exposure to any environmental factor, it is necessary to demonstrate a consistent, significant, and causal relationship before one can conclude that such effects do occur. From this standpoint, the conjectures relating cancer to power line fields have not been scientifically substantiated.



大意: 科學論斷, 以及別的機構對此問題做出的報告, 顯示高壓線與癌症之間並沒有一致的,明顯的聯系. 這些機構包括: 流行病學研究, 生物學研究, 以及對干擾機制的理論分析. 由於不可能證明任何環境是絕對安全的, 如果說明某種環境一定會導致健康威脅,必須具備一致的, 明顯的, 具備因果關系的證據. 所以, 高壓線導致癌症的推斷並沒有經過科學論證.

These unsubstantiated claims, however, have generated fears of power lines in some communities, leading to expensive mitigation efforts, and, in some cases, to lengthy and divisive court proceedings. The costs of mitigation and litigation relating to the power line cancer connection have risen into the billions of dollars and threaten to go much higher. The diversion of these resources to eliminate a threat which has no persuasive scientific basis is disturbing to us. More serious environmental problems are neglected for lack of funding and public attention, and the burden of cost placed on the American public is incommensurate with the risk, if any. 大意: 但是這些未經證實的論斷已經導致了公眾對高壓線的懼怕心理, 並在某種情況下導致長期的訴訟爭端. 這些花費已經達到10億美元,並還在上升. 大量資源用於消除這種對人類的, 沒有科學根據的威脅. 在大量非常嚴重的環境問題由於缺乏經費和公眾注意而被忽視的情況下, 放在高壓線問題上的花費是不相稱的. 此聲明在2005年被APS重新確認:

National Policy Statements

05.3 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Public Health

(Adopted by Council on April 15, 2005)

On April 23, 1995, the American Physical Society issued a policy statement concerning Power Line Fields and Public Health. The APS concluded that 「the conjecture relating cancer to power line fields has not been scientifically substantiated.」



大意: 1995年, APS公布了一個關於高壓線與公眾健康問題的政策說明. APS認為"高壓線與癌症之間的因果關系, 並沒有被科學證明"

Since that time, there have been several large in vivo studies of animal populations subjected for their life span to high magnetic fields and epidemiological studies, done with larger populations and with direct, rather than surrogate, measurements of the magnetic field exposure. These studies have proced no results that change the earlier assessment by APS. In addition, no biophysical mechanisms for the initiation or promotion of cancer by electric or magnetic fields from power lines have been identified.




大意: 從那以來,大量的暴露於電磁場的科學研究和動物試驗一直在進行. 這些研究結果並沒有改變早年APS的論斷. 另外, 沒有找到高壓線產生的電磁場能導致癌症的生物物理學機制.




另外一篇文章，2004年發表在HPS《物理學健康協會》:



Health Risks Associated with Living Near High-Voltage Power Lines
Gary Zeman, Sc.D., CHP

Potential health concerns about power lines were first raised in a 1979 study which associated increased risk of childhood leukemia with residential proximity to power lines. Since that initial study, numerous other investigations have attempted but failed to clarify whether observed associations between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and various health effects were causal or coincidental. Some scientists have argued the physical impossibility of any health effect e to weak ambient levels of EMFs, while others maintain that the potential health risks should not be dismissed even though the evidence remains equivocal and contradictory.

To address public concerns about power line EMFs, a national program in electric and magnetic field research was authorized by Congress in the Energy Policy Act of 1992. This program was called EMF-RAPID (Electric and Magnetic Fields Research and Public Information Dissemination).

In 1995, the American Physical Society (APS) spoke out on the question of power line EMFs and health effects. The APS policy statement reads, in part: "The scientific literature and the reports of reviews by other panels show no consistent, significant link between cancer and power line fields. While it is impossible to prove that no deleterious health effects occur from exposure to any environmental factor, it is necessary to demonstrate a consistent, significant, and causal relationship before one can conclude that such effects do occur. From this standpoint, the conjectures relating cancer to power line fields have not been scientifically substantiated." (See APS Policy Statement 95.2.)

In 1999 the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council (NRC) published a review of the evidence from the EMF-RAPID program and concluded: "An earlier Research Council assessment of the available body of information on biological effects of power frequency magnetic fields (NRC 1997) led to the conclusion 『that the current body of evidence does not show that exposure to these fields presents a human health hazard. . . .' The new, largely unpublished contributions of the EMF RAPID program are consistent with that conclusion. . . . In view of the negative outcomes of EMF RAPID replication studies, it now appears even less likely that MF's [magnetic fields] in the normal domestic or occupational environment proce important health effects, including cancer." (The NRC reports are accessible by searching for EMF at the NAS Web site.)

While the NRC review is fairly decisive in giving power line EMFs a clean bill of health, a 1999 report by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) concluded as follows: "The scientific evidence suggesting that ELF-EMF exposures pose any health risk is weak" but goes on to state "The NIEHS concludes that ELF-EMF exposures cannot be recognized as entirely safebecause of weak scientific evidence that exposure may pose a leukemia hazard." (The NIEHS report is available on its Web site.)

Most recently, a leading EMF investigator has been charged with faking experimental results in two published papers on low-intensity EMF health effects (see e.g., Scientific American: Science and the Citizen: Fat in the Fire: October 1999). This charge may further weaken the case of those who urge caution regarding potential health risks of EMFs.

In conclusion, there are no known health risks that have been conclusively demonstrated in relation to living near high-voltage power lines. But science is unable to conclusively prove that anything, including low-level EMFs, is completely risk-free. Most scientists believe that exposure to the low-level EMFs near power lines is safe, but some scientists continue research to look for possible health risks associated with these fields. If there are any risks such as cancer associated with living near power lines, then it is clear that those risks are small.



這篇文章就看結論吧 :-)

總結而言, 居住臨近高壓線並沒有確定性的健康威脅. 但是科學並不能嚴格證明任何東西,包括低頻電磁輻射, 是完全安全的. 大部分的科學家認為暴露於低頻電磁輻射環境是安全的, 但也有一些科學家正尋找相關健康威脅的證據. 如果高壓線確實能夠導致健康威脅的話, 這種風險很顯然是非常微小的.

Ⅱ 怎樣分辨戶外高壓輸電線路是多少伏的電壓

為了提高遠距離傳輸效率，一般採用高壓低流傳送，這樣來降低電的
損耗。瓷瓶的個數越多，相對電壓越高。在中國，高於380V 就可以
稱為高電壓。電線桿越高，一般電壓越高，城市裡水泥普通桿子一般
上萬伏，對於高壓鐵塔看絕緣子個數，500KV\23 個；330KV\16 個；
220KV\9 個；110KV\5 個；但一般都有很多個500KV 的輸電線路基本
上用的是四分列導線，也就是一相有四根，220KV 多用兩分裂導線的，
110KV 多用一根。高壓線對低電壓高，所以高壓傳輸電線都用鋼架將
電纜懸高，來避免對地放電.
第一:看絕緣子的個數:
3 片絕緣子是 35KV 線路 7 到8 片絕緣子是110KV 線路14 片左右是 220KV 線路 19 片左右330KV 線路28 片左右是 500KV 線路 54 片是
1000KV 線路
當有29 片到30 片是 750KV 線路 當37 片時是直
流 500KV 線路
當58 片時是直流 800KV 線路
第二:看線間距
導線之間的距離是4 米左右時線路是110KV 的線路。
導線之間的距離是6 米時線路是220KV 的線路。
導線之間距離是9 米時線路是330KV 的線路。
導線之間距離是12 米時線路是500KV 的線路。
注意:線間距離與很多因數有關，所以不一定是以上的數據相符，但
是不會隔好遠，此線間距離指的是中間與變現的距離。
第三:500KV 以及800KV 的輸電線路基本上用的是四分裂導線或者5
分裂導線，也就是一相有4 根導線或5 根，
220KV 多用兩分裂導線的，110KV 多用一根。
第四:看鐵塔上面的牌子，有線路的電壓等級。
一個瓷瓶的耐壓是10KV，一般10KV 的線路可以用一個瓷瓶(即電線
桿上的瓷絕緣子)。

Ⅲ 初中物理（電）：為什麼戶外輸送高壓線的電

初中物理（電）：為什麼戶外輸送高壓線的電線外面卻沒有包層?

因為高壓線一般人接觸不到, 包層對導電沒好處, 只是為安全和防止電線老化,高壓線材料能抗氧化.

Ⅳ 野外高壓線由什麼做成

高壓線通常指的是輸送10kV（含10kV）以上電壓的輸電線路。根據GB/T 2900.50-2008，定義2.1中規定，高壓通常不含1000V。中國國內高壓輸電線路的電壓等級一般分為：35kV、110kV、220kV、330kV、500kV、750kV等。
中文名
高壓線
定義
輸送10kV以上電壓的輸電線路
等級
35kV、110kV
高壓輸電
220千伏以下的輸電電壓
超高壓輸電
330到750千伏的輸電電壓
范圍
等級
其中110kV、330kV多用於北方地區。一般稱220千伏以下的輸電電壓叫做高壓輸電，330到750千伏的輸電電壓叫做超高壓輸電，1000千伏以上的輸電電壓叫做特高壓輸電。
架線方式
高壓輸電在城市一般採用帶絕緣層的電纜地下傳輸，在野外常採用鐵塔承載的架空線方式傳輸。
安全距離
線與地面
線與地面的最小距離，在最大計算弧垂情況下，不應小於下列數值：
低壓線路（380V）通過居民區不小於6米，低壓線路（380V）通過非居民區不小於5米；
中壓線路（6-10kV）通過居民區不小於6.5米，中壓線路（6-10kV）通過非居民區不小於5.5米；
35～110kV線路通過居民區不小於7米，35～110kV線路通過非居民區不小於6米，35～110kV線路通過交通困難地區不小於5米；
154～220kV線路通過居民區不小於7.5米，35～110kV線路通過非居民區不小於6.5米，35～110kV線路通過交通困難地區不小於5.5米；
330kV線路通過居民區不小於8.5米，35～110kV線路通過非居民區不小於7.5米，35～110kV線路通過交通困難地區不小於6.5米。
關於高壓線距民居建築的安全距離，中國沒有明確的距離規定，但是有一個相關的可以換算的標准：民居建築所處位置的磁感應強度<100微特斯拉，就滿足建設標准。經過測算：
1kV以下高壓線的安全距離為4米；
1-10kV高壓線的安全距離為6米；
35-110kV高壓線的安全距離為8米；
154-220kV高壓線的安全距離為10米；
350-500kV高壓線的安全距離為15米。
線離居民區
若從電力安全形度考慮，並考慮大風引起高壓線產生風偏，根據《電力設施保護條例實施細則》第五條規定：「架空電力線路保護區，是為了保證已建架空電力線路的安全運行和保障人民生活的正常供電而必須設置的安全區域。在廠礦、城鎮、集鎮、村莊等人口密集地區，架空電力線路保護區為導線邊線在最大計算風偏後的水平距離和風偏後距建築物的水平安全距離之和所形成的兩平行線內的區域。各級電壓導線邊線在計算導線最大風偏情況下，距建築物的水平安全距離如下：
1kV以下：1.0米；
1kV-10kV：1.5米；
35kV：3.0米；
66kV-110kV：4.0米；
154kV-220kV：5.0米；
330kV：6.0米；
500kV：8.5米。

Ⅳ 戶外高壓線是四條為一組每一條代表什麼線

三相電路就是4根線，三火線，一零線

Ⅵ 為戶外10kv高壓線可拉設多遠

1kV以下高壓線的安全距離為4米;1-10kV高壓線的安全距離為6米;35-110kV高壓線的安全距離為8米

Ⅶ 戶外架高壓線好多錢一公里

這裡面會產生兩個問題，一個就是你登高作業的高度。一個是你的線徑是多多大。240絕緣鋁專芯線為例。屬單線每公里是1628。這是預算里的人工費。肯定遠遠不夠，現在架一米線，估計了人工至少得20多這種線。材料費也得子30來塊錢一米吧。再加上絕緣子，在加橫擔金具。下面的自己算吧。

Ⅷ 我們平常在戶外看到的高壓線與戶外真空斷路器都是與多少千伏的電壓連接的

普通民用的高壓配電線路，用鋼筋水泥結構的電線桿架設的，都是10kv的電壓，供電所或者廠用的數電線路有35kv，110kv，220kv，500kv。這些都是鐵塔架設，電壓越高鐵塔也越高

Ⅸ 家中短路能使戶外高壓線燒斷嗎

其實高壓線即使在天氣稍微濕度大點的時候就會出現電暈現象，而要使其專短路，一般的雨量屬還不夠，況且高壓絕緣柱是多層扣碗型的，很光滑且彼此都絕緣，所以不容易形成導電通道，偶爾因為雨大水急形成局部放電，放電的瞬間水被汽化或者擊開，而且高壓線之間彼此有很遠的距離，至少間隔1米以外，其實不是不短路，而是形成的所謂漏電電流遠不足以使上級變電站的斷路器分斷而已。

Ⅹ 野外架高壓電線是多少電壓

一般6米左右線桿的高壓線是10千伏 10米左右的35千伏 更高的有110千伏 或220千伏 不等