户外高压线

Ⅰ 户外的高压线对身体有害么

买了高压线旁边的房子, 也听说很多关于高压线导致白血病/癌症的说法. 心里惴惴然. 在美国物理协会上找到相关说明, 心理安定了好多. 贴出来, 与有类似经历的人参考. 同时见
http://hfzhang.cn.googlepages.com/



高压线的电磁辐射会否影响人类身体健康问题，1995年来自APS（美国物理协会）的声明:



95.2 STATEMENT ON POWER LINE FIELDS AND PUBLIC HEALTH

题目: 关于高压线问题与公众健康的说明

(Adopted by Council 23 April 1995)
(Reaffirmed by Council 15 April 2005)

Physicists are frequently asked to comment on the potential dangers of cancer from electromagnetic fields that emanate from common power lines and electrical appliances. While recognizing that the connection between power line fields and cancer is an area of continuing study by research workers in many disciplines in the United States and abroad, we believe that it is possible to make several observations based on the scientific evidence at this time. We also believe that, in the interest of making the best use of the finite resources available for environmental research and mitigation, it is important for professional organizations to comment on this issue.


大意: APS意识到高压线是否导致疾病这个问题已经是国内外一直在研究的问题. 基于现有的研究成果,APS认为可以得出一些结论. 并且,为了把有限的资源应用于环境的保护和研究, 由专业的机构对此做出评论是非常必要的.



The scientific literature and the reports of reviews by other panels show no consistent, significant link between cancer and power line fields. This literature includes epidemiological studies, research on biological systems, and analyses of theoretical interaction mechanisms. No plausible biophysical mechanisms for the systematic initiation or promotion of cancer by these power line fields have been identified. Furthermore, the preponderance of the epidemiological and biophysical/biological research findings have failed to substantiate those studies which have reported specific adverse health effects from exposure to such fields. While it is impossible to prove that no deleterious health effects occur from exposure to any environmental factor, it is necessary to demonstrate a consistent, significant, and causal relationship before one can conclude that such effects do occur. From this standpoint, the conjectures relating cancer to power line fields have not been scientifically substantiated.



大意: 科学论断, 以及别的机构对此问题做出的报告, 显示高压线与癌症之间并没有一致的,明显的联系. 这些机构包括: 流行病学研究, 生物学研究, 以及对干扰机制的理论分析. 由于不可能证明任何环境是绝对安全的, 如果说明某种环境一定会导致健康威胁,必须具备一致的, 明显的, 具备因果关系的证据. 所以, 高压线导致癌症的推断并没有经过科学论证.

These unsubstantiated claims, however, have generated fears of power lines in some communities, leading to expensive mitigation efforts, and, in some cases, to lengthy and divisive court proceedings. The costs of mitigation and litigation relating to the power line cancer connection have risen into the billions of dollars and threaten to go much higher. The diversion of these resources to eliminate a threat which has no persuasive scientific basis is disturbing to us. More serious environmental problems are neglected for lack of funding and public attention, and the burden of cost placed on the American public is incommensurate with the risk, if any. 大意: 但是这些未经证实的论断已经导致了公众对高压线的惧怕心理, 并在某种情况下导致长期的诉讼争端. 这些花费已经达到10亿美元,并还在上升. 大量资源用于消除这种对人类的, 没有科学根据的威胁. 在大量非常严重的环境问题由于缺乏经费和公众注意而被忽视的情况下, 放在高压线问题上的花费是不相称的. 此声明在2005年被APS重新确认:

National Policy Statements

05.3 Electric and Magnetic Fields and Public Health

(Adopted by Council on April 15, 2005)

On April 23, 1995, the American Physical Society issued a policy statement concerning Power Line Fields and Public Health. The APS concluded that “the conjecture relating cancer to power line fields has not been scientifically substantiated.”



大意: 1995年, APS公布了一个关于高压线与公众健康问题的政策说明. APS认为"高压线与癌症之间的因果关系, 并没有被科学证明"

Since that time, there have been several large in vivo studies of animal populations subjected for their life span to high magnetic fields and epidemiological studies, done with larger populations and with direct, rather than surrogate, measurements of the magnetic field exposure. These studies have proced no results that change the earlier assessment by APS. In addition, no biophysical mechanisms for the initiation or promotion of cancer by electric or magnetic fields from power lines have been identified.




大意: 从那以来,大量的暴露于电磁场的科学研究和动物试验一直在进行. 这些研究结果并没有改变早年APS的论断. 另外, 没有找到高压线产生的电磁场能导致癌症的生物物理学机制.




另外一篇文章，2004年发表在HPS《物理学健康协会》:



Health Risks Associated with Living Near High-Voltage Power Lines
Gary Zeman, Sc.D., CHP

Potential health concerns about power lines were first raised in a 1979 study which associated increased risk of childhood leukemia with residential proximity to power lines. Since that initial study, numerous other investigations have attempted but failed to clarify whether observed associations between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and various health effects were causal or coincidental. Some scientists have argued the physical impossibility of any health effect e to weak ambient levels of EMFs, while others maintain that the potential health risks should not be dismissed even though the evidence remains equivocal and contradictory.

To address public concerns about power line EMFs, a national program in electric and magnetic field research was authorized by Congress in the Energy Policy Act of 1992. This program was called EMF-RAPID (Electric and Magnetic Fields Research and Public Information Dissemination).

In 1995, the American Physical Society (APS) spoke out on the question of power line EMFs and health effects. The APS policy statement reads, in part: "The scientific literature and the reports of reviews by other panels show no consistent, significant link between cancer and power line fields. While it is impossible to prove that no deleterious health effects occur from exposure to any environmental factor, it is necessary to demonstrate a consistent, significant, and causal relationship before one can conclude that such effects do occur. From this standpoint, the conjectures relating cancer to power line fields have not been scientifically substantiated." (See APS Policy Statement 95.2.)

In 1999 the National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council (NRC) published a review of the evidence from the EMF-RAPID program and concluded: "An earlier Research Council assessment of the available body of information on biological effects of power frequency magnetic fields (NRC 1997) led to the conclusion ‘that the current body of evidence does not show that exposure to these fields presents a human health hazard. . . .' The new, largely unpublished contributions of the EMF RAPID program are consistent with that conclusion. . . . In view of the negative outcomes of EMF RAPID replication studies, it now appears even less likely that MF's [magnetic fields] in the normal domestic or occupational environment proce important health effects, including cancer." (The NRC reports are accessible by searching for EMF at the NAS Web site.)

While the NRC review is fairly decisive in giving power line EMFs a clean bill of health, a 1999 report by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) concluded as follows: "The scientific evidence suggesting that ELF-EMF exposures pose any health risk is weak" but goes on to state "The NIEHS concludes that ELF-EMF exposures cannot be recognized as entirely safebecause of weak scientific evidence that exposure may pose a leukemia hazard." (The NIEHS report is available on its Web site.)

Most recently, a leading EMF investigator has been charged with faking experimental results in two published papers on low-intensity EMF health effects (see e.g., Scientific American: Science and the Citizen: Fat in the Fire: October 1999). This charge may further weaken the case of those who urge caution regarding potential health risks of EMFs.

In conclusion, there are no known health risks that have been conclusively demonstrated in relation to living near high-voltage power lines. But science is unable to conclusively prove that anything, including low-level EMFs, is completely risk-free. Most scientists believe that exposure to the low-level EMFs near power lines is safe, but some scientists continue research to look for possible health risks associated with these fields. If there are any risks such as cancer associated with living near power lines, then it is clear that those risks are small.



这篇文章就看结论吧 :-)

总结而言, 居住临近高压线并没有确定性的健康威胁. 但是科学并不能严格证明任何东西,包括低频电磁辐射, 是完全安全的. 大部分的科学家认为暴露于低频电磁辐射环境是安全的, 但也有一些科学家正寻找相关健康威胁的证据. 如果高压线确实能够导致健康威胁的话, 这种风险很显然是非常微小的.

Ⅱ 怎样分辨户外高压输电线路是多少伏的电压

为了提高远距离传输效率，一般采用高压低流传送，这样来降低电的
损耗。瓷瓶的个数越多，相对电压越高。在中国，高于380V 就可以
称为高电压。电线杆越高，一般电压越高，城市里水泥普通杆子一般
上万伏，对于高压铁塔看绝缘子个数，500KV\23 个；330KV\16 个；
220KV\9 个；110KV\5 个；但一般都有很多个500KV 的输电线路基本
上用的是四分列导线，也就是一相有四根，220KV 多用两分裂导线的，
110KV 多用一根。高压线对低电压高，所以高压传输电线都用钢架将
电缆悬高，来避免对地放电.
第一:看绝缘子的个数:
3 片绝缘子是 35KV 线路 7 到8 片绝缘子是110KV 线路14 片左右是 220KV 线路 19 片左右330KV 线路28 片左右是 500KV 线路 54 片是
1000KV 线路
当有29 片到30 片是 750KV 线路 当37 片时是直
流 500KV 线路
当58 片时是直流 800KV 线路
第二:看线间距
导线之间的距离是4 米左右时线路是110KV 的线路。
导线之间的距离是6 米时线路是220KV 的线路。
导线之间距离是9 米时线路是330KV 的线路。
导线之间距离是12 米时线路是500KV 的线路。
注意:线间距离与很多因数有关，所以不一定是以上的数据相符，但
是不会隔好远，此线间距离指的是中间与变现的距离。
第三:500KV 以及800KV 的输电线路基本上用的是四分裂导线或者5
分裂导线，也就是一相有4 根导线或5 根，
220KV 多用两分裂导线的，110KV 多用一根。
第四:看铁塔上面的牌子，有线路的电压等级。
一个瓷瓶的耐压是10KV，一般10KV 的线路可以用一个瓷瓶(即电线
杆上的瓷绝缘子)。

Ⅲ 初中物理（电）：为什么户外输送高压线的电

初中物理（电）：为什么户外输送高压线的电线外面却没有包层?

因为高压线一般人接触不到, 包层对导电没好处, 只是为安全和防止电线老化,高压线材料能抗氧化.

Ⅳ 野外高压线由什么做成

高压线通常指的是输送10kV（含10kV）以上电压的输电线路。根据GB/T 2900.50-2008，定义2.1中规定，高压通常不含1000V。中国国内高压输电线路的电压等级一般分为：35kV、110kV、220kV、330kV、500kV、750kV等。
中文名
高压线
定义
输送10kV以上电压的输电线路
等级
35kV、110kV
高压输电
220千伏以下的输电电压
超高压输电
330到750千伏的输电电压
范围
等级
其中110kV、330kV多用于北方地区。一般称220千伏以下的输电电压叫做高压输电，330到750千伏的输电电压叫做超高压输电，1000千伏以上的输电电压叫做特高压输电。
架线方式
高压输电在城市一般采用带绝缘层的电缆地下传输，在野外常采用铁塔承载的架空线方式传输。
安全距离
线与地面
线与地面的最小距离，在最大计算弧垂情况下，不应小于下列数值：
低压线路（380V）通过居民区不小于6米，低压线路（380V）通过非居民区不小于5米；
中压线路（6-10kV）通过居民区不小于6.5米，中压线路（6-10kV）通过非居民区不小于5.5米；
35～110kV线路通过居民区不小于7米，35～110kV线路通过非居民区不小于6米，35～110kV线路通过交通困难地区不小于5米；
154～220kV线路通过居民区不小于7.5米，35～110kV线路通过非居民区不小于6.5米，35～110kV线路通过交通困难地区不小于5.5米；
330kV线路通过居民区不小于8.5米，35～110kV线路通过非居民区不小于7.5米，35～110kV线路通过交通困难地区不小于6.5米。
关于高压线距民居建筑的安全距离，中国没有明确的距离规定，但是有一个相关的可以换算的标准：民居建筑所处位置的磁感应强度<100微特斯拉，就满足建设标准。经过测算：
1kV以下高压线的安全距离为4米；
1-10kV高压线的安全距离为6米；
35-110kV高压线的安全距离为8米；
154-220kV高压线的安全距离为10米；
350-500kV高压线的安全距离为15米。
线离居民区
若从电力安全角度考虑，并考虑大风引起高压线产生风偏，根据《电力设施保护条例实施细则》第五条规定：“架空电力线路保护区，是为了保证已建架空电力线路的安全运行和保障人民生活的正常供电而必须设置的安全区域。在厂矿、城镇、集镇、村庄等人口密集地区，架空电力线路保护区为导线边线在最大计算风偏后的水平距离和风偏后距建筑物的水平安全距离之和所形成的两平行线内的区域。各级电压导线边线在计算导线最大风偏情况下，距建筑物的水平安全距离如下：
1kV以下：1.0米；
1kV-10kV：1.5米；
35kV：3.0米；
66kV-110kV：4.0米；
154kV-220kV：5.0米；
330kV：6.0米；
500kV：8.5米。

Ⅳ 户外高压线是四条为一组每一条代表什么线

三相电路就是4根线，三火线，一零线

Ⅵ 为户外10kv高压线可拉设多远

1kV以下高压线的安全距离为4米;1-10kV高压线的安全距离为6米;35-110kV高压线的安全距离为8米

Ⅶ 户外架高压线好多钱一公里

这里面会产生两个问题，一个就是你登高作业的高度。一个是你的线径是多多大。240绝缘铝专芯线为例。属单线每公里是1628。这是预算里的人工费。肯定远远不够，现在架一米线，估计了人工至少得20多这种线。材料费也得子30来块钱一米吧。再加上绝缘子，在加横担金具。下面的自己算吧。

Ⅷ 我们平常在户外看到的高压线与户外真空断路器都是与多少千伏的电压连接的

普通民用的高压配电线路，用钢筋水泥结构的电线杆架设的，都是10kv的电压，供电所或者厂用的数电线路有35kv，110kv，220kv，500kv。这些都是铁塔架设，电压越高铁塔也越高

Ⅸ 家中短路能使户外高压线烧断吗

其实高压线即使在天气稍微湿度大点的时候就会出现电晕现象，而要使其专短路，一般的雨量属还不够，况且高压绝缘柱是多层扣碗型的，很光滑且彼此都绝缘，所以不容易形成导电通道，偶尔因为雨大水急形成局部放电，放电的瞬间水被汽化或者击开，而且高压线之间彼此有很远的距离，至少间隔1米以外，其实不是不短路，而是形成的所谓漏电电流远不足以使上级变电站的断路器分断而已。

Ⅹ 野外架高压电线是多少电压

一般6米左右线杆的高压线是10千伏 10米左右的35千伏 更高的有110千伏 或220千伏 不等